Spoof & Anecdote Text

Spoof.

Definition:

a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.

Generic Structure:

- Orientation

- Events

- Twist

Languange Features:

- Focusing on people, animals or certain things

- Using action verb; ate, ran, etc

- Using adverb of time and place

- Told in chronological orde

Ex:

The Zoo Job Story

One day a clown was visiting the zoo and attempted to earn some money by making a street performance. He acted and mimed perfectly some animal acts. As soon as he started to drive a crowd, a zoo keeper grabbed him and dragged him into his office. The zoo keeper explained to the clown that the zoo's most popular gorilla had died suddenly and the keeper was fear that attendance at the zoo would fall off. So he offered the clown a job to dress up as the gorilla until the zoo could get another one. The clown accepted this great opportunity.
So the next morning the clown put on the gorilla suit and entered the cage before the crowd came. He felt that it was a great job. He could sleep all he wanted, played and made fun of people and he drove bigger crowds than he ever did as a clown. He pretended the gorilla successfully.
However, eventually the crowds were tired of him for just swinging on tires. He began to notice that the people were paying more attention to the lion in the next cage. Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he decided to make a spectacular performance. He climbed to the top of his cage, crawled across a partition, and dangled from the top to the lion's cage. Of course, this made the lion furious, but the crowd people loved it.
At the end of the day the zoo keeper came and gave him a raise for being such a good attraction. Well, this went on for some time, he kept taunting the lion, the audience crowd grew a larger, and his salary kept going up. Then one terrible day happened. When he was dangling over the furious lion, he slipped and fell into the lion cage. The clown was really in big terrible situation. He was terrified.
Sooner the lion gathered itself and prepared to pounce. The clown was so scared. He could do nothing and he began to run round and round the cage with the lion close and closer behind. Finally, the lion could catch him. The clown started screaming and yelling, "Help me, help me!", but the lion was quick and pounces. The clown soon found himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and suddenly he heard a voice from the lion’s mouth;"Shut up you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?".

Anecdote.

Definition:

A text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure:

- Abstract

- Orientation

- Crisis

- Reaction

- Coda

Languange Feature:

- Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc

- Using imperative; listen to this

- Using rhetoric question; do you know what?

- Using action verb; go, write, etc

- Using conjunction of time; then, afterward

- Using simple past tense

Ex:

From Bankrupt Candle to Best Seller Soap

In 1879, William Procter and James Gamble's best seller was candles. They had begun business together in Cincinnati. While they were in peak of popularity, the candle company was in trouble as Thomas Edison had invented the light bulb. It looked as if their candle product would become obsolete. People would like to use light bulb and would not use candle anymore.

The fears became reality when the market for candles plummeted since the candle product were now sold only for special occasions. The outlook of candle company appeared to be bleak and depressing for Procter and Gamble. The situation was more miserable. Several months later the accident occurred. Without thinking one of the employee left to go to lunch and forgot to turn off the machine. Since the machinery was left in operation, air would work its way into the mixture.

However after discussing with his supervisor, the employee decided not to discard the mixture. Instead, he poured the mixture into frames and the soap hardened. Thus, the floating soap was born. Harley Procter decided to give the soap a name that people could remember. Then the soap was named IVORY. This ivory soap became the mainstay of the Procter and Gamble Company.

Amazingly, Procter and Gamble began to receive letters from buyers of this "accidental" soap. They wanted more of the soap that floats. Ivory soap was introduced to the marketplace. Even though this interesting formula was one of their best products, they were perplexed as to how this happened. The mysterious formula for the floating soap was resolved when the lunchtime accident was revealed.

The Differences between Spoof & Anecdote Text:

Spoof Text :

1. Text which relate to funny story and unusual incidents.
2. Has generic structure on how it is composed and the generic structures of spoof are orientation, events, and twist

Anecdote Text:

1. Text which relate to funny story and unusual incidents.
2. Has generic structure on how it is composed and the generic structures of anecdote are abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction and coda.

Review Text

Definition:

A text which presents critical analysis and evaluating an art on events or works for readers or public audiences.

Generic Structure:

Introduction, it is the highlight of the general description about what will be reviewed. It can be product, services which want to be sold, or just a site which want to be known publicly. Then it will drive more traffic into the site.

Evaluation, the second phase is coming inside into the product in details. It states the parts, uniqueness, quality of the product which will be known publicly. However too much detail description will “teach” the will-buyer and it does not sound good. Evaluating as far as necessary for the targeted buyer is more genuine. The term of evaluation will not be far from simple word of good or bad. In this phase reviewer will apply much evaluative word, valuable, useful, worthy, etc.

Interpretation, after writing about the objective thing of the product, it is the time for reviewer to write about what he thinks or impresses on the product. Of course this phase can be done after getting enough evaluation on the product. It is personal idea about the product. Frequently to support and strengthen his idea or impression, a reviewer describes a comparison to other similar product. He states in which side the product has additional value or honestly admitted that the product lacks value in certain side.

Summary, this phrase is recommending conclusion for reader of the product. After clearly explanation, a reviewer will make a final comment whether the product is valuable or not for targeted buyer. This phase is the worth of the review for reader.

Language Feature:

- Focus on specific participants

- Using adjectives

- Using long and complex clauses

- Using metaphor style Review Texy Simple

Ex:

2012 Film Review 2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.

2012 film rings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.

Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon.

All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.

News Item & Discussion

News Item.

Definition:

A text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. News item text tries to answer the 5W and 1H questions; what, who, when, where, why, and how relating to the newsworthy.

Generic Structure:

- Main event

- Elaboration

- Resource of information

Languange Feature:

- Using Simple Present Tense

- Focusing circumstances

- Using action verbs

- Using adverbs

- Using material process

Ex:

Winning Award for Airport Toilet

Surabaya's Juanda International Airport has won the Culture and Tourism Ministry's 2009 toilet award, beating out 2007 winner Denpasar's Ngurah Rai Airport, which now drops to fourth. Indonesia's main gateway, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, just outside Jakarta, moves up from fourth in 2007 to second, in the biennial "Sapta Pesona Clean Public Toilet Award".

The award was first handed out in 2007, and has so far involved only international airports. Acting Culture and Tourism Minister Muhammad Nuh said he expected the award in future to also cover public toilets at tourist sites across the country.

"Granting the award to those running public toilets at tourist sites is expected to improve the quality of products and services, particularly in term of cleanliness . as part of efforts to enhance the image of national culture," Nuh said during the award presentation ceremony.

Taken from: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/10/l

Discussion.

Definition:

A text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

Generic Structure:

- Statement ofissue

- List if supporting points

- List of contrastive point

- Recommendation

Languange Feature:

- Using Simple Present Tense

- Introducing category or generic participant

- Using thinking verb

- Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection

- Using modalities

- Using adverbial of manner

Ex:

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

- It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

- It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

- It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

- It produces small amount of waste.

- It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEWS ITEM & DISCUSSION TEXT:

News Item :

1. News item tell events happen in the day. They are new and important.
2. News item try to explain 5W + 1H. Try to make things become clear.
3. News item do not need others opinions. They only tell things so people get to know new stuff.

Discussion :

1. Discussion present problematic discourse. So basically we can make a discussion about everything eventhough they are not new.
2. Discussion doesn’t try to explain 5W + 1H, it only focusing on opinions and at the end the solution of the problems.
3. In discussion everyone will try to put their opinions and their thoughts into it.

Lumpur Lapindo -teks berita-

Assalamualaikum Wr Wb

Selamat Siang, pemirsa

Kembali lagi dengan saya Sofia Nurjannah dalam acara Reportase Investigasi edisi Senin, 10 Oktober 2006.

Peristiwa menyemburnya lumpur panas di lokasi pengeboran PT Lapimdo Brantas di Desa Renokenongo, Kecamatan Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, sejak tanggal 27 Mei 2006, telah membuat banyak penderitaan pada masyarakat sekitar. Semburan lumpur panas selama beberapa bulan ini menyebabkan tergenangnya kawasan pemukiman, pertanian dan perindustrian di tiga kecamatan sekitarnya, serta mempengaruhi aktivitas perekonomian di Jawa Timur.

Lokasi semburan lumpur ini berada di Porong, yakni kecamatan di bagian selatan Kabupaten Sidoarjo, sekitar 12 km sebelah selatan kota Sidoarjo. Kecamatan ini berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Gempol (Kabupaten Pasuruan) di sebelah selatan.

Lokasi semburan hanya berjarak 150-500 meter dari sumur Banjar Panji-1 (BJP-1), yang merupakan sumur eksplorasi gas milik Lapindo Brantas sebagai operator blok Brantas. Oleh karena itu, hingga saat ini, semburan lumpur panas tersebut diduga diakibatkan aktivitas pengeboran yang dilakukan Lapindo Brantas di sumur tersebut. Pihak Lapindo Brantas sendiri punya dua teori soal asal semburan. Pertama, semburan lumpur berhubungan dengan kesalahan prosedur dalam kegiatan pengeboran. Kedua, semburan lumpur kebetulan terjadi bersamaan dengan pengeboran akibat sesuatu yang belum diketahui.

Lokasi tersebut merupakan kawasan pemukiman dan di sekitarnya merupakan salah satu kawasan industri utama di Jawa Timur. Tak jauh dari lokasi semburan terdapat jalan tol Surabaya-Gempol, jalan raya Surabaya-Malang dan Surabaya-Pasuruan-Banyuwangi (jalur pantura timur), serta jalur kereta api lintas timur Surabaya-Malang dan Surabaya-Banyuwangi,Indonesia.

Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat ahli lumpur keluar disebabkan karena adanya patahan, banyak tempat di sekitar Jawa Timur sampai ke Madura seperti Gunung Anyar di Madura, "gunung" lumpur juga ada di Jawa Tengah (Bleduk Kuwu). Fenomena ini sudah terjadi puluhan, bahkan ratusan tahun yang lalu. Jumlah lumpur di Sidoarjo yang keluar dari perut bumi sekitar 100.000 meter kubik perhari, yang tidak mungkin keluar dari lubang hasil "pemboran" selebar 30 cm. Dan akibat pendapat awal dari WALHI maupun Meneg Lingkungan Hidup yang mengatakan lumpur di Sidoarjo ini berbahaya, menyebabkan dibuat tanggul diatas tanah milik masyarakat, yang karena volumenya besar sehingga tidak mungkin menampung seluruh luapan lumpur dan akhirnya menjadikan lahan yang terkena dampak menjadi semakin luas.

Demikian laporan dari kami. Terimakasih. Selamat Siang, dan Wassalamualaikum Wr Wb.

Firasat - cerpen -

Tiga minggu ini di bulan puasa, Nina benar-benar merasa sesuatu yang aneh pada Rani. Sikapnya mulai berubah, tak seperti Rani kecil dulu. Buktinya selama Rani ada di rumah Nina, Ia selalu membantu Ibunya memasak didapur, padahal dia sama sekali tidak bisa memasak. Dia juga sering membantu nenekku saat beliau kesulitan. Dulu Rani kecil, selalu meminta bantuan setiap Ia melakukan sesuatu, bahkan sampai kita sudah beranjak remaja di MTs, dia masih saja manja. Tapi aku benar-benar heran akan perubahan sifatnya.

Lima hari sebelum hari raya, Rani menjadi-jadi, Nina sudah tak mengenali Rani lagi. Sekarang dia sudah berubah seratus delapan puluh derajat. Entah atas bisikan siapa, Nina merasa bahwa ajal Rani telah dekat. Dulu ayahnya juga memperlihatkan tanda-tanda yang sama, saat mendekati ajalnya. Kali ini dia tidak boleh kecolongan lagi. Rani sekarang bukan Rani yang dulu. Rani jadi suka membantu orang lain, lebih rajin sholat, lebih santun, tidak suka malas-malasan saat ada waktu luang. Dalam batin, Nina berkata, “Oh Tuhan…! Sebenarnya aku tak mau berburuk sangka tentang semua perubahan yang dialami Rani. Harusnya aku bahagia, melihat sahabatku yang semakin baik perilakunya, bukannya malah su’udzan dengannya. Namun, entah mengapa firasat itu selalu saja mengahntuiku, saat melihat Rani. Aku malah sempat membayngkannya terbujur kaku, terbungkungkus kain puyih dan terkubur dalam-dalam, pasti sangat sepi dan merasa sedih.”

Tiga hari menjelang hari raya Idul Fitri, Nina mulai resah dan takut kehilangan sahabat tersayangnya. Dia sempat berpikir untuk membahagiakan dan melakukan sesuatu yang bermakna dalam hidupnya, agar Rani tenang di alam sana. Selam tiga hari itu, Nina selalu mengikuti Rani kemanapun Ia pergi, memberikan semua barang yang isa sayangi pada Rani, melakukan sesuatu yang Rani sukai walau sebenarnya Nina tidak menyukainya. Anehnya, walaupun Niana melakukan semua itu, Rani langsung saja menerimanya, padahal Nina melakukannya secara berlebihan. Dan selama Rani masih di rumah Nina, maka selalu saja Nina dihantui firasat itu.

Subuh, sebelum sholat Id, Nina mengantarkan Rani pulang, karena itu permintaan Rani, Nina tidak bisa menolak. Dengan berjalan kaki, hanya membutuhkan waktu lima belas menit untuk sampai kerumah Rani. Rani memaksa Nina untuk masuk kerumahnya, tapi Nina harus segera pulang untuk mempersiapkan diri mengikuti sholat Id berjamaah. Ranipun tak bisa mengelak. Rani berkata, “Kamu harus janji! Setelah Sholat Id, kamu kesini ya..!” Nina mengangguk dan segera menyeberangi jalan raya di depan rumah Rani. Saat Rani hendak masuk rumah, tiba-tiba terdengar suara mobil yang direm dengan kuat, juga terdengar jeritan seorang gadis. Suara jeritan itu, seperti tak asing bagi Rani. Ia segera berlari ke depan rumahnya dan melihat sahabatnya terkolek lemah bersimbah darah. “Nina…!!”, kata Rani menjerit sembari berlari menghampiri Nina di tengah jalan. Rani membatin, “Padahal, aku ingin menunjukkan sesuatu yang kamu tunggu-tunggu selama ini, aku tau dan aku sudah punya firasat ini, makanya kamu aku paksa mengantarku subuh-subuh seperti ini, hanya untuk menujukkan bahwa Novel yang kamu buat untukku tahun lalu, memenangi lomba menulis novel remaja se-Indonesia, ya, aku mengirimkanny diam-diam atas namamu. Tapi mengapa kamu pergi lebih dulu?”