Procedure & Explanation Text

Procedure
Definition
Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series

Generic Structure
Goal: showing the purpose
Material: Telling the needed materials
Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Languange Feature
-Using temporal conjunction
-Using action verb
-Using imperative sentence
-Using Simple Present Tense

Ex:
Having a kite flying is interesting and make it by self is easy. Prepare the following materials to make a kite:
Butcher cord Scotch tape or glue 1 Sheet of strong paper 2 Strong, straight wooden sticks of bamboo Markers, paint or crayons After the materials have been prepared, the directions bellow is easy instruction on how to make a kite:
1. Make a cross with the two sticks, with the shorter stick placed horizontally across the longer stick.
2. Tie the two sticks together with the string in such a way as to make sure that they are at right angles to each other.
3. Cut a notch at each end of the sticks. Make it deep enough for the type of string you are using to fit in to. Cut a piece of string long enough to stretch all around the kite frame.
4. Lay the sail material flat and place the stick frame face down on top. Cut around it, leaving about 2-3cm for a margin. Fold these edges over and glue it down so that the material is tight.
5. Make a tail by tying a small ribbon roughly every 10cm along the length of string. 6. Decorate your kite with the markers!

Explanation
Definition
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' about the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure
-General statement (stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained).
-Explanation (stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena).
-Closing

Languange Feature
-Using Simple Present Tense
-Using action verbs
-Using passive voice
-Using noun phrase
-Using adverbial phrase
-Using technical terms
-Using general and abstract noun
-Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

Ex:
Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates. As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond. Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

The Difference Between Procedure Explanation Text

Procedure, this text type is commonly called as instruction text. It uses pattern of commend in building the structure. It use the “to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to”. It is a kind of instruction text which uses full commend verb. Procedure is commonly used to describe how to make something which is close to our daily activity. For example how to make a cup of tea, how to make a good kite, etc is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.

Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses passive pattern in describing the topic.